- Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) is a hardy evergreen tree with edible seeds, commonly called pine nuts or pine kernels, which are often used as an ingredient in pesto or cooking oils. Several parts of the Korean pine plant have been used medicinally, including the leaves, roots, bark, stems, and resin. The principal active ingredient is thought to be pinolenic acid. Pinolenic acid is not to be confused with columbinic acid found in columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris) seed oil.
- In traditional Chinese medicine, Korean pine has been used for its cholesterol-lowering and appetite-suppressing effects. Additional studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of its long-term use.
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- Cai Q, Zhang D, Liu ZL, et al. Chromosomal localization of 5S and 18S rDNA in five species of subgenus Strobus and their implications for genome evolution of Pinus. Ann Bot 2006;97(5):715-722. View Abstract
- Choi DS, Jin HO, Lee CH, et al. Effect of soil acidification on the growth of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seedlings in a granite-derived forest soil. Environ Sci 2005;12(1):33-47. View Abstract
- Choi DS, Kayama M, Jin HO, et al. Growth and photosynthetic responses of two pine species (Pinus koraiensis and Pinus rigida) in a polluted industrial region in Korea. Environ Pollut 2006;139(3):421-432. View Abstract
- Hughes GM, Boyland EJ, Williams NJ, et al. The effect of Korean pine nut oil (PinnoThin) on food intake, feeding behaviour and appetite: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis 2008;7:6. View Abstract
- Ibanez MD, Lombardero M, San Ireneo MM, et al. Anaphylaxis induced by pine nuts in two young girls. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003;14(4):317-319. View Abstract
- Kim KD, Lee EJ. Potential tree species for use in the restoration of unsanitary landfills. Environ Manage 2005;36(1):1-14. View Abstract
- Lee JH, Yang HY, Lee HS, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from cones of Pinus koraiensis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008;18(3):497-502. View Abstract
- Lee JW, Lee KW, Lee SW, et al. Selective increase in pinolenic acid (all-cis-5,9,12-18:3) in Korean pine nut oil by crystallization and its effect on LDL-receptor activity. Lipids 2004;39(4):383-387. View Abstract
- Li K, Li Q, Li J, et al. Antitumor activity of the procyanidins from Pinus koraiensis bark on mice bearing U14 cervical cancer. Yakugaku Zasshi 2007;127(7):1145-1151. View Abstract
- Pasman WJ, Heimerikx J, Rubingh CM, et al. The effect of Korean pine nut oil on in vitro CCK release, on appetite sensations and on gut hormones in post-menopausal overweight women. Lipids Health Dis 2008;7:10. View Abstract
- Rossi G. A case of severe allergy to pine-nut. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;39(10):344-345. View Abstract
- Sugano M, Ikeda I, Wakamatsu K, et al. Influence of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis)-seed oil containing cis-5,cis-9,cis-12-octadecatrienoic acid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, eicosanoid production and blood pressure of rats. Br J Nutr 1994;72(5):775-783. View Abstract
- van de Scheur MR, Bruynzeel DP. Acute anaphylaxis after pine nut skin testing. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004;92(1):93. View Abstract
- Wang M, Hao Z, Ji L, et al. [Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on photosynthesis light response characteristics of three coniferous tree species seedlings]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2002;13(6):646-650. View Abstract
- Wu JL, Wang M, Lin F, et al. [Effects of precipitation and interspecific competition on Quercus mongolica and pinus koraiensis seedlings growth]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2009;20(2):235-240. View Abstract
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