Guggul (Commiphora mukul)

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• An MJ, Cheon JH, Kim SW, et al. Guggulsterone induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in murine colorectal cancer xenografts. Cancer Lett 2009;279(1):93-100.
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• Cornick CL, Strongitharm BH, Sassano G, et al. Identification of a novel agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma that may contribute to the anti-diabetic activity of guggulipid in Lep(ob)/Lep(ob) mice. J Nutr Biochem 2009;20(10):806-15.
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• Gebhard C, Stämpfli SF, Gebhard CE, et al. Guggulsterone, an anti-inflammatory phytosterol, inhibits tissue factor and arterial thrombosis. Basic Res Cardiol 2009;104(3):285-94.
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• Kalariya NM, Shoeb M, Reddy AB, et al. Prevention of endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats by plant sterol guggulsterone. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51(10):5105-13.
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• Kapoor S. Guggulsterone: a potent farnesoid X receptor antagonist and its rapidly evolving role as a systemic anticarcinogenic agent. Hepatology 2008;48(6):2090-1.
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• Kim ES, Hong SY, Lee HK, et al. Guggulsterone inhibits angiogenesis by blocking STAT3 and VEGF expression in colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2008;20(6):1321-7.
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• Kim JM, Kang HW, Cha MY, et al. Novel guggulsterone derivative GG-52 inhibits NF-kappaB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and attenuates acute murine colitis. Lab Invest 2010;90(7):1004-15.
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• Leeman-Neill RJ, Wheeler SE, Singh SV, et al. Guggulsterone enhances head and neck cancer therapies via inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3. Carcinogenesis 2009;30(11):1848-56.
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• Nohr LA, Rasmussen LB, Straand J. Resin from the mukul myrrh tree, guggul, can it be used for treating hypercholesterolemia? A randomized, controlled study. Complement Ther Med 2009;17(1):16-22.
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• Shishodia S, Harikumar KB, Dass S, et al. The guggul for chronic diseases: ancient medicine, modern targets. Anticancer Res 2008;28(6A):3647-64.
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• Xiao D, Singh SV. z-Guggulsterone, a constituent of Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(1):171-80.
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• Xu HB, Li L, Liu GQ. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by guggulsterone in doxorubicin-resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/DOX) cells. Pharmazie 2009;64(10):660-5.
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• Yamada T, Osawa S, Hamaya Y, et al. Guggulsterone suppresses bile acid-induced and constitutive caudal-related homeobox 2 expression in gut-derived adenocarcinoma cells. Anticancer Res 2010;30(6):1953-60.
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• Youn HS, Ahn SI, Lee BY. Guggulsterone suppresses the activation of transcription factor IRF3 induced by TLR3 or TLR4 agonists. Int Immunopharmacol 2009;9(1):108-12.
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• Yu BZ, Kaimal R, Bai S, et al. Effect of guggulsterone and cembranoids of Commiphora mukul on pancreatic phospholipase A(2): role in hypocholesterolemia. J Nat Prod 2009;72(1):24-8.
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