Cajeput oil (Melaleuca quinquenervia)

Natural Standard developed the above evidence-based information based on a thorough systematic review of the available scientific articles. For comprehensive information about alternative and complementary therapies on the professional level, go to . Selected references are listed below.

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• Bhamarapravati S, Pendland SL, Mahady GB. Extracts of spice and food plants from Thai traditional medicine inhibit the growth of the human carcinogen Helicobacter pylori. In Vivo 2003;17(6):541-544.
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• El Toumy SA, Marzouk MS, Moharram FA, et al. Flavonoids of Melaleuca quinquenervia. Pharmazie 2001;56(1):94-95.
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• Lee CK, Chang MH. Four new triterpenes from the heartwood of melaleuca leucadendron. J Nat Prod 1999;62(7):1003-1005.
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• Lee TH, Wang GJ, Lee CK, et al. Inhibitory effects of glycosides from the leaves of Melaleuca quinquenervia on vascular contraction of rats. Planta Med 2002;68(6):492-496.
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• Lockhart C, Austin DF, Aumen NG. Water Level Effects on Growth of Melaleuca Seedlings from Lake Okeechobee (Florida, USA) Littoral Zone. Environ.Manage 1999;23(4):507-518.
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• Moharram FA, Marzouk MS, El Toumy SA, et al. Polyphenols of Melaleuca quinquenervia leaves--pharmacological studies of grandinin. Phytother Res 2003;17(7):767-773.
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• Mueller RS, Bettenay SV, Tideman L. Aero-allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern Australia based on 1000 intradermal skin tests. Aust Vet J 2000;78(6):392-399.
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• Muller JF, Hawker DW, McLachlan MS, et al. PAHs, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and HCB in leaves from Brisbane, Australia. Chemosphere 2001;43(4-7):507-515.
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• Nawawi A, Nakamura N, Hattori M, et al. Inhibitory effects of Indonesian medicinal plants on the infection of herpes simplex virus type 1. Phytother Res 1999;13(1):37-41.
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• Oelrichs PB, MacLeod JK, Seawright AA, et al. Isolation and identification of the toxic peptides from Lophyrotoma zonalis (Pergidae) sawfly larvae. Toxicon 2001;39(12):1933-1936.
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• Quimby PC Jr., DeLoach CJ, Wineriter SA, et al. Biological control of weeds: research by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service: selected case studies. Pest Manag Sci 2003;59(6-7):671-680.
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• Stablein JJ, Bucholtz GA, Lockey RF. Melaleuca tree and respiratory disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;89(5):523-530.
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• Subehan Usia T, Iwata H, Kadota S, et al. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455.
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• Wheeler GS, Massey LM, Southwell IA. Dietary influences on terpenoids sequestered by the biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa: effect of plant volatiles from different Melaleuca quinquenervia chemotypes and laboratory host species. J Chem Ecol 2003;29(1):189-208.
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